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research study paper presented at the
Fifth Annual Symposium on Zhou Enlai Studies
Nankai University, Tianjin, China; October 2018
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by
Zhou Xiaofang
assisted by
David Castellano
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History can always be a person, a story, a thing and a place to reflect the style of an era.
“Follow the footsteps of Zhou Enlai” is to seek through the re-visit of Zhou Enlai once worked and lived in the place, the reader and the audience in the historical situation has occurred, tell the story of the outstanding great man Zhou Enlai, reproduce his life deeds. Our story will be from the time he was born, from his early childhood education and growth, to how he from an aspiring youth, determined to choose the path of revolution, his life’s energy to China and the people of the world.
At the same time, we are convinced that his story will certainly help the world to understand China in 21st century more deeply.
Through the “Footprints” of the special interview, record, and the real experience of the immersive, in English and Chinese documentaries and books, to provide people with a learning and understanding of the great man Zhou Enlai opportunity, and through understanding him to understand the great Chinese nation. Zhou Enlai’s life represents the dignity of a nation. He is a symbol of peace, a well-deserved example of world peace.
Today, China is following the footsteps of the old revolutionaries and creating a more civilized new world that the world looks up to. The story of Zhou Enlai is the story of the rise of modern China.
We take this understanding back
And looking forward to the future as well.
Interview Bingde Clips
When I was in school, I lived in Siban, mainly weekend or summer vacation time live longer, our family, brothers and sisters, living conditions crowded, so uncle, aunt and my parents discussed let me live in their there.
When I go to school, I have to study late, I have to go to school on weekends, so I seldom see my uncle. In the morning of the Siban will generally see the yard of a very narrow wood small sign, it said “Please quiet”, we will understand uncle in bed, staff not speak loudly, children can not play noisy, I will quietly sitting in the corridor reading, in the backyard there are some other staff of the children,
Sometimes we play together. To eat, we will take their own lunch box and meal ticket to the cafeteria line to buy rice, canteen, what dishes to order what dishes. Canteen sub-large small stove, big hearths is to the soldiers, Comparisonof is to the leader, is the bureau above. We are in the stove, the food is similar to big hearths, but less people. After dinner we have a few small partners will go swimming pool, at home, will see uncle hurried back, and hurried to walk.
I am most happy with uncle sometimes a piece of corner, because he can relax, relieve work fatigue. During the Cultural Revolution, when I couldn’t think of the Red Guards ‘ rebellion, I asked my uncle. But he never said anything to me and asked me, “is there someone who sent you to ask me?” “I said of course not, but I myself think so rebel who will build the country?”
Uncle did not tell me more, then I was young, think the problem is very simple. I have never seen Uncle angry, of course, I also can not contact with his work things. However, I have heard some people say that he will be very strict with his direct leadership of the Ministry of cadres, and sometimes angry. To subordinate or grassroots staff at the ministry level he has never been a temper, but he will be patient, gentle, and very serious about the situation, even if there is a mistake, he will not criticize them, but will criticize the leadership at the top level.
Living in the Siban, is my uncle and aunt two people to eat together, only at the table to communicate with them some of my ideas. When I entered adulthood, there were youth who pursued me. The influence of my uncle in my choice of companion is very big, he has taught me to look for objects, do not look at the appearance, do not look at the position, to see whether he and your interests are like-minded, your goal is not consistent, the direction is not the same. He talked about his girlfriend who had studied in France, who had met at the time of the academic movement, who was the president of the women’s movement, and because they were all in France, they had a lot of intercourse, and they all joined the junior Communist Party, both of whom were very well-feeling. However, when they participated in the Communist Party’s activities in Paris, France, the uncle found that she would care about what others think of her, and the position is not very firm. As a result, he clearly and the girlfriend explained the reason to break up. Afterwards, they remained friends. Later, Uncle wrote to me seven mother, and proposed to him. The way he proposed, you know? “We must open our wings and soar freely,” he said. “At that time was feudal society, just left the feudal society soon, he wants to break the bondage, the freedom to love the person whom he loves.” In a postcard he sent to me, I wrote: “Hopefully we will go to the guillotine like Rosenberg and Bucanassi.” The other side of the postcard was an oil painting, which was the head of Rosenberg and Bucanassi during the French Revolution.
He said so, but also in this way to educate me, in love should be what kind of attitude, should have a common aspiration. He also taught me to be independent, to do my own thing, and to do my job well on the ground.
He stressed that I am an ordinary people, should also rely on their own ability to build a happy family.
Interview Zhou Bingyi Clips
To me, uncle is a kind of father image, he let me have a sense of security. Every time I talk to my uncle about personal matters and choices, he will be absorbed in listening to my words and never interrupted halfway. On the choice of the question, he always uses the tone of discussion, or to give an example of the way to let me judge, without any sense of pressure.
Uncle is very strict with us, his strict performance in his rigorous discipline, although not written on paper rules, but his teachings can let me remember life, not consciously to follow, is to do a poor people, everything for the sake of others, the overall overall. In my high school graduation to apply for the university when only two institutions, one is Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, one is the Central Institute of Arts and Crafts, I graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts School. Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts is to learn oil painting, Chinese painting, printmaking, sculpture, is the creation of art. The Central Academy of Arts and Crafts is actually an art design college. Uncle has been teaching us to serve for the peasants, for the masses, serve the people, so the art design can be directly for the peasants, for the masses to serve, because it is the design of cotton cloth, design ceramics, tableware, as well as commodity packaging, is closely linked with people’s lives.
Considering that my uncle usually to my education, to do things are to take into account the needs of the people, so I decided to test the central Arts and Crafts College, after graduation directly for the masses of service. After thinking about it, I am going to talk to uncle, tell him I have decided to report to the Central Institute of Arts and Crafts, want to hear his opinion. Uncle after listening to his own views, he said: “Now we have some of the quality of goods is very good, but packaging design cannot keep up with, so the export rate is low, the impact of foreign exchange rate, very disadvantage.” “We now need a lot of designers to fill this void,” he added. “Uncle didn’t give me any advice, he just talked about the actual situation at that time.”
He insisted on his own affairs and made his own decisions. That’s what I think, that’s what he does to us. First of all, let us abide by the discipline, this is the first, the second is to be an ordinary person, to the benefit of the people. Because I am his own niece, he is more strict with us, he wants me to be an ordinary person, this is his request.
He asked us to be more strict, he wanted me to be an ordinary person, and that was his request. Uncle is very opposed to hereditary system, is the father is the official son also to the government, grandson also to officials, time bureaucracy, because our family used to have this era of bureaucratic tradition, he must change this phenomenon, so he is not willing to let us, but he is not directly said, he said you are going to do workers, farmers,
To be an ordinary person, so my own volunteer is to be an ordinary person, to do a common people, an ordinary laborer, I can do something for the community, to the best of my ability, I do not want to go to the official, to get rich what these I absolutely do not go to this. Although my ability is limited, but I do not give the elderly, how to say, do not give the elderly trouble, I must at least let people feel, at least you honestly do a very good job as a normal person, I think we as his nephew, niece, can Benbon to do an ordinary person, do not give old people trouble,
I think our life is ready, and we can do it. Although the uncle is very gentle, but he is still very authoritative before us, China has a saying: not angry self-wei.
He was not angry, but His Majesty had already existed, so we were very much in awe of him. I remember only once Uncle angry, once, his daughter Sun Weishi with his daughter Xiao Lan to the West Hua Ting visit uncle, Xiao Lan about 5 years old. When everyone sat at the table, for some reason, Xiao Lan lost his temper and raised her mother a bit. When the prime minister was angry, he patted the table and said, “How can you treat your mother like that?” “Uncle is very respectful of his two mothers, but also very filial.” Therefore, he is very strict with the child’s discipline.
Our week’s children are more sensible, more rules, will not make this appearance, are still more sensible. I think anyway. This 30 China is a great strides forward, from a relatively backward country to now, the gross national product has occupied the world’s second place, the GNP, indeed is the production has a great development, social progress quickly, this point I think uncle will be very gratified. However, the moral and spiritual aspects of the cultural aspects of the problem, I think he will be very worried, because this is not what he would like to see.
Interview Zhou Qing
Zhou Qing is my elder brother, born when the New China was founded in 10 years of Daqing. There was a picture of her grandmother holding a photo of him and the prime minister and other relatives on the high steps of the Siban in Zhongnanhai this year. When my brother was long enough to run, the Prime minister humorously called him a newsboy. A language Cheng, until now his ambition is to sell newspapers, especially on the Xuan theory of the newspaper. In 2015, I interviewed him for the documentary film “Follow Zhou Enlai’s footsteps” and asked, “If today’s prime minister is here you want to say something to him,” he was very moved and choked and said: “I want to talk to him.” He was moved not so much to the prime Minister as to the magnificent cause of the revolutionaries, such as the Prime Minister. It was with these revolutionaries that the world was filled with hope.
What could be more commendable than making the world full of hope? Remember one time we at Nankai University Zhou Enlai Research Center to open a seminar, there is a student is writing “Zhou Enlai and multi-party cooperation” as the title of the paper, consulted our views on this, my brother is such a talk about his view: “The world is colorful, so there are many ideas and the establishment of many political parties, but the most fundamental is that The way to study Zhou Enlai and the communists ‘ actions is not difficult to understand the multi-party cooperation, it is inevitable.
Many of the outstanding qualities of the communists, such as Zhou Enlai and the miracles they created, come from the heart and reason of their hearts. The cause of the revolutionaries, such as the prime minister, deeply influenced my brother’s research on Tao. He believes that the Tao, “Tatsu and the world, the poor are spared”, regardless of the person or the poor must have a heart and reason, and not mediocrity, willful wayward to wait for death. The heart can not be followed, but to repair, sex is not to be held, and to hold, so-called “spiritual Practice road life.” Only a noble mind can recognize and engage in a noble cause. There is no more noble cause than the immortal or long-lasting. Death is not terrible, the so-called “ask, Xi die can be”, terrible is not believe that there is such a road can make us healthier or longer, this is our memory of Zhou Enlai, learning Zhou Enlai place. On the website of our Zhou Enlai Peace Institute, there is an article written by my brother, titled “Peace and Longevity,” and he said: “Not everyone can be the prime minister or anything else, but everyone can become someone like him.” The Ancients Cloud: “Not for the good phase, must be good doctor”. Cure the country, the same reason. Tao said selfless, selfless and clear, clear, pass without plugging, plugging so sick, sick to death; orderly, orderly and pure, pure truth, real but not virtual, so leakage, leakage so that death. The Chinese nation is the most preaching and rationale of the nation. I remember the recent speech by General Secretary Xi Jinping in commemoration of the 120 anniversary of Zhou Enlai’s birthday and the speech commemorating the 200 anniversary of Marx’s birth. For many years, people sigh “Tao Heart only Micro”. Believe that the heart will grow up. The way heart expands in the society is the lasting stability, the way heart grows in the human body is humankinds. Human body if a small society, society if a large body. Everything should be deliberated.
The more public the longer, the more private the shorter, long can long, short can not long. I interviewed a lot of people, including my brother’s interview, I deeply feel that the prime minister in our side, his influence everywhere, is so-called “stay loyalty According to history.” The word “Dan Tao” is not about Dan. In fact, the word “revolution” also comes from Dan Tao. There is a song called “The Revolutionaries are always young”, my brother looks indeed younger than his peers, this may be his belief in the ideals of revolution. Revolution in society, let society full of hope, revolution in the human body, let the human body full of sunshine. I hope my brother’s rubbish on the road newspaper can share with you at an early date. Long-term career will have a profound impact on people. What could be more lasting than a long-lasting cause? In addition to long, or not for a long struggle, all is a cloud, even if it is still alive, not to mention already dead, but on the contrary, life and death are meaningful, this is Mao Zedong said “the greatness of life, the glory of death.”
Interview Chen Hanxie
Zhouxiaofang: Hello, Mr. Chen, I’ve finally met you. This time Guangdong Shantou, Jieyang, Chaozhou line, thank you all the way to the care, from your speech and your work for people, we can deeply appreciate your admiration of the Premier Zhou and sincere feelings, your study of the history of the CPC, especially your study of the Guangdong period of the Prime Minister of the week spent energy is admirable, The value of these historical materials is very valuable.
I would like to ask you to tell us some of the Prime minister’s life and deeds during the Guangdong period.
Chen Hanxie: This time we are very pleased to receive you here, and we are very pleased that you, as the dean of the American Zhou Enlai Peace Institute and the Prime Minister’s grandniece, we are very welcome. Because the prime Minister has a very close connection with our Chaoshan, my contact with the prime Minister is in writing, and I have not seen the Prime Minister personally … (Mr. Chen said there was a bit of choking, and I handed him a Kleenex.) At the same time, I was also rubbing tears.
But his great historical achievements remain in our whole China, the whole world, and I am thrilled to be here, this Enlai Prime Minister … He came to us. Chaozhou Total is four times, the first is the first time in February 1925, and the second eastern levy in October, the first two times was the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang, at that time, he was the director of the Department of Political Affairs of the Huangpu Military Academy, the General Political Department director of the East Levy Army, two status to Shantou. The background was this, the prime minister came back from France, he was first to Hong Kong and then to Guangdong, he came back in time is our domestic cooperation revolution at the climax of the time. At that time, Mr. Sun Yat-sen to build Huangpu Military Academy, because the lack of talent, to find some of our Kuomintang and communist elites to do this matter, so the prime minister by the Kuomintang and his friend’s introduction, on the return.
Now the words are the returnees. When he returned to Guangdong, he was also a very prominent figure in our Communist Party, he became chairman of the CPC Guangdong District committees and was a military minister. In the Kuomintang, the communists joined the Kuomintang as individuals, and the communists had dual membership, and Mr. Enlai also joined the Kuomintang in the name of the Communists.
In the first time, he was also a member of the Kuomintang’s Dongjiang organization, Dongjiang the grassroots reorganization of the Kuomintang.
Because at that time should be said to be warlords melee, the Kuomintang this organization is also disunity, Dongjiang this area of the Kuomintang grassroots organizations are Mr. Enlai organized up. From this point of view, Mr. Enlai he also contributed to the party’s founding work of the Kuomintang, from the Communists, he is the founder of the Communist Party of the Dongjiang region, the Communist Party of China was founded on July 1, 1921, 1925 was the beginning of the founding of the Communist Party, so in Dongjiang this area, only the Communist Party activities,
Only the youth league’s progressive student activities, there is no Communist Party organization.
Mr. Enlai to Dongjiang this area, he also formed the Communist Party in the grassroots organization, at that time, Shantou party organization is also Mr. Enlai set up, the first Secretary of the Shantou party is called Yang Shi soul. The first East Levy arrived, because in May, Guangzhou appeared Yang Liu (Yang Ximin Liu Zhenji) rebellion, then Liao Zhongkai proposed East Levy Army to returned, calm Yang Liu Rebellion, East Levy Army went back, back then Dongjiang area East Levy Army a walk, local warlords again, the people are in dire straits,
After the first East Levy, some progressive strength was cultivated, at that time also by the warlord’s destruction, some to kill, Shantou the mayor to kill, his name Laofeng. Later the second East Levy was carried out in October 1925, when the situation was, as national revolutionary, then National revolutionary has been formed, Mr. Enlai is National Revolutionary’s General Headquarters General Political Department director, Chiang Kai-shek is the commander-in-chief, the second East Levy, played a few tough battles, but it should be said to be very smooth,
Annihilation like a roll seat. November 4, 1925, the East Levy Army occupied Shantou, when Mr. Enlai from the Jieyang boat to the West Pier in Shantou, when the city, almost the entire Shantou of citizens flocked to the streets to welcome the East Levy Army into the town.
Therefore, Mr. Enlai and Mr. Chiang Kai-shek, their organization and command of the Eastern Army was very popular with the people. After the city, then the Union organized, the peasant associations were organized, the whole Chaozhou of the peasant-worker movement is very enthusiastic. At that time the whole organization is very high, we know that the sea Lufeng peasant movement under the leadership of the Peng Pai, at that time he was very small, at that time, after the East Levy Army came, the whole Dongjiang area of peasant movement is very active, Peng Pai to become the head of the farm, Yang Shi Mr. Soul is called Foreman, the boss of the workers, Peng Pai is the head of the peasant, this is a situation.
Another situation, because at that time the entire Dongjiang area, after Mr. Enlai came, he was mainly to do local work, he as the director of the Department of Political Affairs, organized this place of the Kuomintang, also organized the Communist Party, the workers and farmers of the organization work is he did. Chiang Kai-shek is the commander-in-chief, he mainly control, command the army, and the overall situation he wants to master, so as the local this piece is Mr. Enlai doing. Mr. Enlai to Chaoshan, he came in November, to Shantou, he was the Director of General Political department to do local work, and then he was appointed by the national government as the Dongjiang of the Administrative Committee, because at that time the whole of Guangdong was divided into six districts, Dongjiang is one of the areas, he was appointed as the Dongjiang Administrative Committee, is a local chief executive in the entire Dongjiang area.
In a sense, he should be the first local leader in the Communist Party of China, he is the earliest in the construction of local government, Mr. Enlai is also the first to intervene, also the earliest practice of this place to work, grasp the power of the work, how to govern, Mr. Enlai he is the earliest. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek is responsible for the military, Mr. Enlai is responsible for national revolutionary political work, he also a division of a military party, he is in this army, how to carry out political work, how to implement the party delegate system, the set of military political system should be he presided over, should say he is our Communist Party in the army how to do political work , how to explore this set of political work, Mr. Enlai is the earliest, in the Communist Party of China is the earliest. He is responsible for the revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, is also one of the founders of our National Revolutionary Army, involved in the leadership of the military work, in our party is also the earliest, so that Mr. Enlai in Guangdong Dongjiang.
This area of military activities, the practice of local administration, leading the accumulation of workers and peasants ‘ experience, and the Kuomintang-communist cooperation, This experience is the first of Mr. Enlai. From this point of view, Mr. Enlai for our whole Chaozhou do a lot, very emotional, he and a number of Chaoshan district colleagues have established deep friendship, such as this Yang Shi, he was the Communist Party of Shantou Special Branch secretary, he and his relationship is very close.
At that time, the Communist Party comrades in Chaoshan called him beard, Mr. Enlai with a beard, and the Comrades of the party revolution affectionately called him beard.
He has a long beard, a handsome man. Mr. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao married, was married in July 1925 in Guangzhou, after the marriage Deng Yingchao Ms. is December 1925 to Shantou. At that time because of two people newlyweds, feeling very deep.
In Shantou, they rented a house in the Wolong restaurant.
Shantou some party comrades to see her, they are very good, and in front of other people also revealed that they are a pair of loving couple, Enlai comrade sat, Deng Yingchao stood, standing in his back gently touch his hair, this detail is Woogger later recalled, very interesting. In Shantou left the picture, the prime Minister is sitting, Deng Yingchao in the back stand, is also very beautiful appearance, she in Guangzhou that photograph compared the foreign point, is also that era, when they two people’s revolutionary feelings very deep. After she came, Ms. Deng Yingchao as a representative of the Ministry of Women of the National Central Committee to Shantou, the main task is to guide the women’s movement in the Dongjiang area at that time, to do a woman’s work, when she came, she immediately carried out women’s work, the convening of women’s Congress, and everyone mingle, these images and these memories, All of them were old Chaozhou women cadres, they all left a deep impression. This is the case of Mr Enlai’s two-time eastern levy. Mr. Enlai led the Nanchang Uprising on August 1, 1927, because of the 415 counter-revolutionary coup in 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek’s Mutiny and the split of the Kuomintang and Communist Party, the CPC proposed to establish its own team. Because of Chiang Kai-shek Mutiny after the revolution, the massacre of many people, including at that time in the Chaozhou of the progressive people, many very talented people, were the Kuomintang they picked up and killed. Very famous a person is Li Chuntao, Li Chuntao Study in Japan Waseda University, is a political philosophy, he this person is very talented, his writing is very good, he wrote very good economics, and Li Chuntao back after studying abroad, he once in the political weekly in Guangzhou, is also our Communist Party to run a political weekly, where work, Later in Shantou, Mr. Enlai in the second East Levy victory, in the name of the Kuomintang to host a “Lindong Republic of China Daily”, the newspaper’s header is Heyingqin, he was National Revolutionary a division of the teachers, Enlai is a division of the party, the two partners, Heyingqin title, Enlai for this newspaper title of the Supplement masthead,
“Revolution” Two words, is the two words we visit. This newspaper is also a very important newspaper, as the dissemination of Sun Yat-sen’s sanmin doctrine, propaganda Communist Party’s ideas, spread Marxism-Leninism played a great role. I have written an article, called “Zhou Enlai and Lindong,” in a journal of the Institute of Journalism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, is such a “Lindong of the Republic of China Daily” President Li Chuntao, after 415 counter-revolutionary coup, was captured by the Shantou Kuomintang, put him in a sack with bayonets stabbed to death, lost in the sea, not even the bones were found.
After Chiang Kai-shek’s mutiny, the communists had to rise up and build their own flag.
Banner, our party Mr. Enlai led the Nanchang Uprising, he was in the name of the Communist Party before the Secretary of the leadership, and he long, ye ting them, in the Nanchang Uprising after the successful opening, and then withdrew from the Nanchang city, all the way south Levy, at that time South Levy did encounter a lot of difficulties. Nanchang after the uprising all the way down, because the road, the more hot, the heat, very difficult, the troops are very tired along the way, the grain supply is very difficult, braved the heat all the way to run down, the main purpose is to Guangzhou to establish a revolutionary base, here to do a big. According to my analysis, because Mr. Enlai has done in Guangdong, has done in Shantou, here has the Revolutionary Foundation, has the revolutionary strength, has his comrade-in-arms, has the very rich foundation, the people support him, therefore he wants to make a great effort here. But by the September 23, 1927 into the Chaozhou, September 24 into the Shantou, then the Japanese British warships opened to the Shantou port, the revolutionary army launched a threat. At that time, Mr. Enlai appointed Mr. Guo Moruo as a diplomatic agent of the Revolutionary Army Shantou the revolutionary regime, in charge of diplomacy, which was responsible for the diplomacy of the Shantou revolutionary regime at that time, when seven or eight countries had consulates in Shantou, so it was Guo Moruo who visited several national consulates in the name of diplomatic envoys, The Director of the Customs and Excise Department, Tide Customs was controlled by foreigners.
Later, through the operation of Guo Moruo, Japan, the British fleet retreated, Shantou basically maintained a relatively stable situation. But choppy, the Kuomintang army at that time in the entire Guangdong region has been very strong, from the Jieyang side, close to Fengshun there, met, at that time the whole power of the situation is outnumbered, a great disparity of power.
Jieyang County north of the war, both sides sacrificed very large, the entire rebel force’s main combat effectiveness was also defeated, so the Shantou army retreated, evacuated.
At that time, the whole Shantou area, Nanchang Uprising came in, altogether insisted on a total of seven days, the history is called “Chaoshan 7th Red”, Shantou seven days, Chaozhou County eight days, Jieyang County three days, Chenghai County four days, Raoping County is five days, the whole is called Chaoshan 7th Red, Chaoshan broad masses of people because after the 415 coup, the masses suppressed very big, Nanchang Uprising Army after the Shantou, everyone is very happy, elated, the history is called 7th Red, is the people elated seven days. At that time, I just talked about the Nanchang Uprising withdrew from Shantou, at that time was September 30 night retreat, about one or two points of time to withdraw from the Shantou, passing Jieyang Rongjiang, to the general forest quicksand side, and later in Quicksand opened a quicksand meeting, the main rebel leaders are involved, Enlai, the body of the disease is very heavy,
He presided over the Quicksand conference with ill conduct. Quicksand meetings are primarily a time-of-day lesson in Deployment summary deployment and evacuation of personnel. The important leaders at that time, he long, ye Ting, Guo Moruo, these major leaders, through the protection of our underground, from this place retreat. Mr. Enlai is Yang Shi to protect him, because he is ill, so he has to focus on protecting him.
At that time, cover him to Lufeng, in Lufeng, a farmhouse in this place. lived for one months, then retreated from the port of Lufeng to Hong Kong and finally to the Central Committee of Shanghai.
Basically, the Nanchang uprising is such a situation. The fourth time, when Mr. Enlai was at the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai, the central revolutionary base of Shanghai and the revolutionary base in Jiangxi needed a traffic route, and Mr. Enlai personally presided over and set up a line of communication from the Central Committee of Shanghai to Hong Kong via Shantou to Chaozhou to Dapu to the central revolutionary Base area, which is very secret. Called Secret lines of communication, at that time this communication is mainly responsible for the central revolutionary base of the Shanghai people and letters, supplies of aid, because at that time the central party in need of a variety of materials, but also medicine, communication supplies, food, there are some scarce goods, to be transported through this traffic,
So this line of traffic is a lifeline, too.
At that time, many leaders of the party and the state, from the Shanghai Central Soviet area, were passed This line of traffic. Mr. Enlai and Ms. Deng Yingchao also passed this line of traffic to the central Soviet area.
At that time, Mr. Enlai was 1931 December, from Shanghai to Hong Kong, then to Shantou, when he disguised as a worker, businessman and clergyman, and then through here, Mr. Enlai very bold but cautious, he in Shantou evening also out to see the film, think up also incredible. I think he might want to know something, to understand some local, then enemy territory situation, to master some intelligence, so he ventured out, but he did not have an accident. He went to the central Soviet area, several times to Shantou, disguised as a priest, with a beard, wearing missionary clothes, specifically to do what, we are not very clear, he did not say, is some comrades, Mr. Enlai to Shantou, to the whole chaozhou of the activities of the basic situation is such. Through these circumstances, I after more than 10 years, I began to study in 1983, the collection of Zhou Enlai information, at that time is still relatively early, collect Zhou Enlai in Chaoshan information, Central literature Laboratory also just set up soon, Zhou Enlai research group comrades also came to Shantou, we this aspect of the information also collected, To the central government to provide information, supplemented by this section of the history of the gap, because this paragraph know not many people, in 1985 Shantou also held a national seminar Zhou Enlai in Chaoshan, when the meeting was held, is the Guangdong Provincial Solicitation Committee and Shantou, the name of the host, then from the national research Zhou Enlai experts, and a central document. The research lab, as well as comrades in the military Academy about the history of military studies.
After the meeting, there was also a big impact, when a professor in Peking University called Beam and column, then he was the vice president of Peking University, when he learned that the meeting, he sent us a letter, to our meeting information, we also sent him. After the meeting, an expert on Zhou Enlai, a Yale University in the United States, also knew about it and asked for information.
Therefore, I pass this period of time to collect the research of historical materials, to Mr. Enlai in Guangdong, Dongjiang Chaoshan Place this period of revolutionary activities, I am impressed. I calculate Enlai in Chaoshan probably time also on four months more, live here time four months, Mr. Enlai in his life, four months is also very little time, but in his life, this paragraph occupies very important position, because this paragraph is a very vigorous period,
It is also Mr. Enlai’s first contact with the party’s concrete revolutionary practice from the time of leaving the law, from now on, this is a returnees have just come back to work, but he took part in the work to do such a big thing, earth-shattering events. We now have some returnees back to work for a few years has not done much of the results.
But Enlai is not the same, so I recalled a great man, his appearance is not accidental, should say he has talent, should say he is a gifted revolutionist, politician, this is my impression. The second impression is that Mr. Enlai, through this period of time, participated in the leadership of the National Revolution, the Kuomintang-Communist army, and national revolutionary, by following the political work carried out by the Soviet Union in the Army, and by uniting with the Kuomintang people to carry out the national revolution. His experience has basically laid the foundation for our Communist Party to build up the army, and has laid a good base for us to carry out political work in the army. He and the Kuomintang people’s exchanges, has laid the foundation at this time, so in the later war, Xi ‘ an incident and the Kuomintang negotiations, after the founding of the Kuomintang and deal with the KMT, he as foreign minister, and foreign People international contacts, and this period of time laid the foundation is closely related. Therefore, the Central literature laboratory concerned to see our material, said this period of time is a very important part of Mr. Enlai’s life, we should study very well.
This is a second impression. The third impression is that Mr. Enlai is a leader who can unite people, care for the masses and mingle with the people.
Now we have the Communist Party in power, the founding of the 1921, 1949 in power, decades has become a long-ruling ruling party, how to do good work, how to maintain close contact with the people, how the Communist Party to continue to govern, we are to solve good and the people’s relations, because we this regime is the Government of the population. And the people’s Flesh and blood relations, is our Communist Party to govern a fundamental foundation, so in this sense, Mr. Enlai this piece of experience to be well summed up, is very valuable experience. As I recall, at that time Mr. Enlai was very concerned about our general masses. I think of one thing, on the February 1 of 1926, when he took office as Dongjiang executive member, a union of Chaoan a gang of people to petition, what is the reason for the petition? At that time is the Chaoan City Xi ‘ An restaurant tea house union, according to my understanding, should be Chaozhou hotel and teahouse, tea drinking place and catering industry this trade union strikes.
The reason for the strike is that the Chaoan County police at that time to the city of Xi ‘ an restaurant, teahouse to increase taxes, because the situation is so, the government did not pay, the police to go to the local collection.
Because at that time may Chaozhou teahouse Restaurant industry money More, it is the service sector, so the police sent them more money, workers are not satisfied on strike. After the strike, then a call Shaoking workers, the police grabbed him, grabbed it, then they were dissatisfied, ran to Shantou to find Enlai petition. Mr. Enlai, who had just assumed office at the time of his appointment as an executive, was a section chief to receive them, and when Mr. Enlai came back, he saw the workers standing at the door, written in writing, and reported in the newspaper that “the Guli outside the department was very pitiful” and felt very sympathetic to the people.
Mr. Enlai asked their representatives to sit in the Dongjiang Administrative Committee, and asked the other petitioners to go back first, to regain their state, not to wait here, the weather was so cold, it was February, it was the Spring Festival, the weather was very cold and they had to go home.
At that time, the railway of Chaozhou and Shantou, the train was to be opened, the car was fast, so he called immediately, to the railway station to postpone the departure time, and other workers to By car, this is a job.
The second one is to ask the representative to go to the office and the Prime Minister will answer See them and let them reflect on what the situation is.
And then Mr. Enlai called and asked the police to put the man Shaoking, unable to arrest him. The next day, Mr. Enlai sent a section chief to Chaozhou to investigate the situation.
Situation an investigation, indeed the police are in the restaurant trade unions collect too much money, Mr. Enlai personally instructed, the police will be in the county average assessed, can’t see people have money to fish so much money, not, to average assessed, then the second day workers
The joy, the problem solved, happy, very pleased. From Mr. Enlai to deal with the people petition this matter, I got a revelation, Mr. Enlai do the masses work, deal with group events, if the bigger is called an emergency. His work is meticulous, he first think is the masses, how to solve the difficulties for you, put yourself in the interests of the masses, and actually work for the masses, and vigorous and resolute.
In less than 24 hours to solve the matter, if like Mr. Enlai to do the mass work, our ruling position will be more and more consolidated, this is a revelation.
Another revelation is that Mr. Enlai and Ms. Deng Yingchao, who are revolutionary partners, feature two people who are simultaneously engaged in the Chinese revolution, and have contributed to the Chinese revolution and the Chinese people throughout their lives, and they are a model couple and a role model for our young people. Now very close to divorce, and still two couples have a contradiction, of course, we also advocate the freedom of marriage, emotional rupture, can not go down or off, our marriage law provisions.
But Mr. Enlai, Deng Yingchao, of course, they also have contradictions, a lifetime so long, intricate, but two people mutual understanding, for a common goal to work, which is our role model for young people. There is one more thing to mention, I have visited Shantou an old gentleman, called Xu Meixun, Mr. Xu Meixun is Chinese leftist, the Chinese left-wing Writers Union, is founded in the 30 ‘s, Mr. Xu Meixun was also I just said “Lindong Republic of China Daily” an editor, he is responsible for the revolutionary supplement Literary version of the editor,
The revolutionary supplement has many sections, there are literature and art, and workers and peasants, many supplement pages, he is responsible for the editing of the literary layout, he is also a leftist, but also Shantou an early art circles of the progress of literary youth. In the 30 ‘s, he had seen Mr. Enlai at a meeting of leftist in Shanghai, when Enlai was in Shanghai, and leftist was also organized by Mr. Enlai, of course, for the Communist Party to unite us in the art circles of the left. Mr. Xu Meixun saw Mr. Enlai two people chatting, Mr. Enlai and Mr. Xu Meixun chatted about a matter, he said you Chaozhou has a live to 123-year-old female poet, the woman poet and our fathers have ties.
At that time Xu Meixun also did not ask what the matter, and later I went through a check, in fact, Mr. Enlai said the more than 100-year-old woman called Guo Zhenshun, she lived 123 years old. Folklore she used a poem to persuade her to attack the army of her village, a great poet who, through a poem, moved the people who were to be in the village, and a poem put the army out.
This poet she is Haiyang County person, later married to Chaoyang, is the surname Zhou, in Chaoyang Zhou Surname, later a check with Enlai Mr. Zhejiang Shaoxing Week have common ancestor, is Zhou Dun, Zhou surname ancestor. Zhou Enlai and Lu Xun’s ancestors are the same department, and Chaoyang’s Zhou surname is also a department. Zhou Dun Zengsun Zhoumei old man in Song three years to know Chaozhou after the Chao stay.
So through this matter, I also think of Mr. Enlai not simple, he went to Chaoshan only lived for four months, and to Chaoshan local things understand so clearly, check his ancestors also and this place has contact.
This Guo Zhenshun is the Ming Dynasty people, so I estimate, Mr. Enlai to Chaoshan, he also saw a lot of chaoshan local information, especially the Chaozhou-Shantou local history information, so it is so familiar with this place.
Mr. Enlai he is a very careful learner, well acquainted with the local history of the leaders and great men.
Biography of Mr. Chen Hanxie: Chenhangou, 1948, vice-researcher of the history of the CPC. Jieyang City, Guangdong Province, China, has served as the chairman of Shantou Municipal party committee, Shantou, President of the Social Sciences Federation, Shantou CPPCC director.
After retirement, the Guangdong provincial People’s government was hired as the Museum of History and Humanities of Guangdong Provincial People’s government.
Conclusion
Our footprints continue, and the message of “Footprints” is simple: through sound, image, picture, text, and the parties ‘ direct narration of the deeds of the great man Zhou Enlai, it makes it easier for everyone to understand the direction of peace as indicated by Zhou Enlai and China’s firm position as a defender of world peace. Through the “footsteps”, people can also understand how Zhou Enlai in order to safeguard the interests of the country and the people’s responsibility, in the face of various obstacles and challenges, unswervingly uphold the interests of the country and the people.
The “footsteps” itself is moving forward in the direction of peace. Zhou Enlai’s life represents the dignity of a nation. He is a symbol of peace, a well-deserved example of world peace.
Today, China is following the footsteps of the old revolutionaries and creating a more civilized new world that the world looks up to. The story of Zhou Enlai is the story of the rise of modern China.
We go back with this understanding and look forward to the future.
